Dr. Muhammad al-Sayat*

During this period, before and before the 28th edition of the Conference of the Parties held in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, the parallel European climate lobby (NGOs aligned with the agenda of the European Union) clearly predicted the warming from November 30 to December 13, 2023, what was in store for it. The European Union has a special agenda for the conference, the cornerstone of which is to win a clear text that recognizes the elimination of the final report of the conference. The two basic components of fossil fuels, oil and gas, form the engine of economic mobility in the regional countries hosting the conference, rejecting all that may result from this decision. For countries, people of entire countries and the entire global economy.

The UAE is not the first oil-producing country to become a member of climate agreements, and is hosting the COP. Canada hosted the eleventh edition (COP-11) before, Indonesia/Bali hosted COP-13, Mexico hosted COP-16, Qatar hosted COP-18 and Britain/Glasgow. COP-26. and Egypt, which hosted COP-27. But it was clear that there were well-known parties trying to undermine this version, which is unique and will embarrass the European parties on more than one issue, especially the expected effective presidential management conference (taking into account the high differentiation that the UAE usually sets as a measure of its success in all aspects of economic life) and the Europeans. A financial file that hates access. The conference was highlighted by a leadership position worthy of the UAE and an Arab figure I know closely who is passionate about transforming energy in his country and the region, laying out a number of projects. And his efforts and success in implementation, I remember as an example his success in awarding the UAE the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Masdar City for renewable energy.

Due to a last-minute search for a consensus formula on fossil fuels, the conference concluded its work on the morning of December 13, 2023, a day ahead of schedule (as is the norm in almost all conferences). Final document of the conference. Conference Chairman Dr. Sultan Al Jaber announced that 197 countries had reached the “UAE Agreement” on international climate action, a more practical and ambitious agreement to set the course for a global energy transition. For the first time, the transition from all types of fossil fuels in energy systems and not only coal (but this time including oil and gas), which is an important leap towards the goal of “global reserves”. Agreeing on the text on this issue took a long time and difficult negotiations between the negotiating parties. This matter (global assessment) is related to the implementation of the goal stated in the text of Article 14 of the Paris Climate Agreement, which is to check the temperature every five years, which means to monitor, evaluate and periodically review collective progress towards achieving long-term. Paris is the term target for temperature in Article 2 of the Treaty. However, its implementation is linked to meeting the requirements for mitigation and adaptation measures, climate finance and technology transfer from developed to developing countries in order to achieve so-called “climate justice”.

Therefore, an essential aspect of the agreement is that it marks the first time that the world will achieve climate neutrality (net zero emissions) by 2050 and triple the transition to an energy system free of traditional fuel sources. Global renewable energy capacity and doubling annual rate. A global plan to improve the efficiency of energy use by 2030. This certainly makes the UAE deal historic, but its historicity is not limited to the inclusion of oil and gas for the first time. Balancedly taking into account the interests of oil, gas and coal producing countries in mitigation targets, rather than financing, the UAE has succeeded in rehabilitating and exporting by prioritizing climate action and declaring establishment. On the first day of the conference a loss and damage fund, or financial pledge packages, reached about $85 billion, of which the United Arab Emirates announced its allocation of $30 billion to create a special fund. For global climate solutions. In this context, the audience asked the representatives of populist organizations that dedicate all their efforts and activities against fossil fuels a basic question: why is the pressure from NGOs supported and funded by the EU, not diverted to support its economic/climate policies, funding and adaptation issues?

* Bahraini expert on international economic relations